Warp Bridge Architecture
Warp Bridge is built on a two-layer architecture designed for speed, security, and trust-minimized cross-chain settlement. Instead of relying on wrapped assets, custodial multisigs, or global liquidity pools, Warp uses deterministic on-chain contracts and permissionless solver participation to move value instantly between chains.1. Protocol Layer (On-Chain Contracts)
The Protocol Layer is the cryptographic backbone of Warp Bridge. Each supported chain hosts two lightweight contracts — WarpSource and WarpDestination — responsible for secure order creation, validation, and settlement.WarpSource (Origin Chain Contract)
WarpSource handles the beginning of every transfer. When a user creates an order, the contract locks their tokens, assigns a deterministic order ID, stores the order’s state, and emits the event that solvers listen for. The user’s funds remain fully locked and in their control until the order is fulfilled or canceled.WarpDestination (Settlement Chain Contract)
WarpDestination validates solver attempts to fulfill an order. When a solver supplies the destination tokens directly to the recipient, the contract verifies the order ID, checks that it hasn’t been fulfilled or canceled, and—if valid—marks it as fulfilled. The user receives their tokens instantly on the destination chain. After fulfillment, WarpDestination sends an authenticated cross-chain unlock message back to WarpSource, releasing the user’s locked tokens to the solver.Deterministic Order IDs
Every order is represented by a unique, tamper-proof hash derived from user, token, chain, and security parameters. This prevents replay attacks, spoofing, or unauthorized modifications.2. Solver Layer (Off-Chain + On-Chain Execution)
The Solver Layer is a permissionless network of independent actors—market makers, automated bots, and liquidity networks—that compete to fulfill user orders.How Solvers Operate
Solvers monitor new WarpSource orders, evaluate the profitability and safety of fulfilling them, and when ready, supply destination-chain liquidity directly to the user. They perform two core operations:- Off-chain: monitoring, pricing, and risk modeling
- On-chain: fulfilling orders and triggering unlock messages
Settlement for Solvers
Once fulfillment is complete, the solver requests an unlock. Warp’s messaging layer verifies signatures, chain IDs, and contract identities before releasing the locked funds from the source chain. Solvers earn the spread between input and output amounts.Warp Bridge Transfer Lifecycle
The entire cross-chain flow is designed to minimize trust, reduce latency, and preserve user control at every stage.1. Order Creation
The user selects source chain, destination chain, token pair, and amount. WarpSource locks the funds, emits an on-chain order, and waits for solver activity.2. Solver Evaluation
Solvers detect the order and decide whether to fulfill it based on liquidity, gas conditions, finality, and potential profit. Multiple solvers may compete, creating a market that drives fast settlement.3. Destination Fulfillment
A solver delivers tokens to the recipient on the destination chain and submits the order parameters to WarpDestination. The contract reconstructs the order ID, validates its authenticity, and marks it fulfilled. The user now has their tokens.4. Cross-Chain Settlement
WarpDestination sends an unlock message to WarpSource. After verification, WarpSource releases the user’s originally locked tokens to the solver. The order reaches its final state.Order Cancellation
If no solver fulfills the order, the user can cancel at any time. WarpDestination issues a cancel message, WarpSource unlocks the funds, and the order ends safely.Risk Model
Warp distributes risk transparently:User Risk
Minimal. Funds remain locked on-chain under their own control and can be canceled at any time until a solver commits liquidity.Solver Risk
Solvers bear chain-reorg and messaging-finality risk. These are mitigated through configurable confirmation thresholds, replay protection, validator signatures, and strict contract-level verification.Why This Architecture Works
Warp achieves instant, secure cross-chain settlement without centralized trust assumptions.The architecture delivers:
- Direct, on-chain settlement
- High capital efficiency
- Permissionless solver participation
- Strong finality and cryptographic guarantees
- Growing privacy as adoption increases